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How Kim Jong-un is grooming world’s best hackers from age of FIVE & handpicking them from primary school to target West

KIM Jong-un is recruiting primary school children and grooming them to become the world’s best hackers, an intelligence analyst has warned.

The child prodigies are recruited from the age of five and channelled into specialist schools where they learn how to target the West with devastating hacks.

North Korean female students in uniform using laptops in a classroom.
AFP
Students attend a class at the Kang Pan Sok revolutionary school outside Pyongyang[/caption]
North Korean children in matching uniforms walking in a line.
Getty
Children march in formation through Songdowon International School Children’s Camp in Wonsan, North Korea[/caption]
Kim Jong Un with children in uniform at a ceremony.
Reuters
Kim Jong-un recruits primary school children for his shady hacking groups[/caption]

The shocking revelation comes after North Korea’s shady Lazarus Group was accused of stealing $1.2billion in the largest heist in crypto’s history last month.

News of the theft stunned the world, and left people wondering just how Kim pulled it off.

Now, an expert has revealed that the Supreme Leader handpicks his army of cyber warriors from primary schools.

North Korea analyst at Google Threat Intelligence Group, Michael Barnhart, told the Sun that North Korea has a “systematic approach to developing its cyber capabilities”. 

He said there is significant evidence that prospective hackers are selected from as young as primary school age.

Barnhart said: “The process starts with identifying bright students in primary school who demonstrate aptitude in subjects like science and mathematics.”

The talented children are chosen in what Barnhart described as a “pyramid-like prodigy recruiting system”. 

These talented children are selected through a “pyramid-like prodigy recruiting system”

Michael BarnhartGoogle Threat Intelligence Group

Once selected the budding hackers are channelled into specialist middle schools in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang. 

The elite Keumseong 1 and 2 High-Middle Schools in Pyongyang are thought to be the main destinations for potential talent.

The gifted teens continue their education at North Korean technology universities including the prestigious Kim Il Sung University and Kim Chaek University of Technology. 

After graduating, the hacking hopefuls head off to China or Russia for around a year.

There they gain the “practical hacking and technical skills” to target the West.

This part of their training is crucial, as for many it is their first exposure to the global Internet. 

Internet access is not generally available in North Korea, and only a handful of high-level officials and foreigners are permitted to use the global Internet.

Most citizens only have access to a heavily censored intranet called Kwangmyong.

Kwangmyong includes a number of regularly-updated news sites, but these are filled with ludicrous propaganda about the great endeavours of the Supreme Leader. 

After completing the final part of their training, the hackers return and are placed in various warfare units to serve as “cyber warriors”.

Barnhart said: “This dedicated process illustrates North Korea’s strong commitment to building its cyber capabilities by nurturing and rigorously training individuals from a young age, including providing them with crucial experience outside of the country.”

But he added that throughout the entire process “vetting and loyalty to the regime is monitored closely and reinforced”.

Illustration of North Korea's pyramid-like prodigy recruiting system for its cyber army.
The children are recruited from a ‘pyramid-like prodigy recruiting system’
North Korean schoolchildren arriving at Kallimgil Primary School.
AP
Children arrive at Kallimgil Primary School in Mangyongdae District of Pyongyang[/caption]
North Korean schoolchildren in their first class.
AP
Children studying at Kallimgil Primary School[/caption]
Kim Chaek University of Technology in North Korea.
Wikipedia
Kim Chaek University of Technology in Pyongyang[/caption]
Two women paying respects at a statue of Kim Il-sung in front of a university building in Pyongyang, North Korea.
Times Newspapers Ltd
Kim Il-Sung university in Pyongyang[/caption]

Ensuring loyalty: Perks and pride

Being one of the world’s best hackers can’t be easy – that’s why Kim offers his precious cyber army a selection of perks.

For those who graduate with top grades, their parents could be in with the chance of upgrading their home.

Defector Kim Heung-kwang told Al-Jazeera in an interview that hackers’ parents who live in the provinces are often given the sought-after opportunity to live in the capital.

Heung-kwang added that the regime also guarantees married hackers housing in Pyongyang.

This kind of pride, being part of the elite, is nothing to sneeze about

Kim Heung-kwangin an interview with Al-Jazeera

And what’s more – they are provided with food subsidies and a generous stipend during overseas deployments.

But when the stakes are this high it’s no wonder Kim treats his hackers so well.

It must be working as Heung-kwang seemed certain that the youngsters would stay loyal to their leader – even after being given access to the free Internet.

He said: “These kids have the confidence of the [ruling Worker’s] Party and have a certain standard of living guaranteed, not to mention a chance to live and travel abroad.

“This kind of pride, being part of the elite, is nothing to sneeze about.”

“They also don’t have any certainties that life away from the North will be any better than what they already have.”

Pyongyang skyline with bridges and river.
Alamy
View of the Taedong River and Juche Tower in Pyongyang, North Korea[/caption]
Aerial view of Pyongyang, North Korea, showing the Taedong River, May Day Stadium, and surrounding buildings.
Alamy
View of the May Day Stadium in Pyongyang, North Korea[/caption]

The Lazarus Group

The Lazarus Group – also known as Guardians of Peace and Whois Team – is one of North Korea’s most notorious hacking groups.

While not much is known about the shady group it is thought to be responsible for some of the most damaging cyber attacks the world has ever seen.

The Lazarus Group was accused of stealing $1.2billion in the largest heist in crypto’s history.

Hackers were able to gain control of an Ethereum wallet and rip all of its contents, in a theft that sent shock waves through the world of blockchain.

How did the heist unfold?

NORTH Korean hackers were able to wipe $1.5billion out of an online crypto account in the world's biggest digital money theft.

Bybit has surprisingly relied on free public software for its security, despite more specialised business options being available.

This system, by tech company Safe, was hacked by North Korean hackers.

These criminals were able to send a request to transfer money from the doomed crypto wallet to another.

After Bybit’s CEO approved this request, the hackers were able to take control of the crypto account.

Hackers then moved the $1.5billion worth of crypto out of the account and into a location they could start turning the digital money into real cash.

But intelligence experts have revealed the group is likely to be more than just one cyber unit.

Senior manager at Google Threat Intelligence Group, Ben Read, said that Lazarus is actually an overarching term to identify a “wide umbrella of North Korean activity”.

He explained that, in reality, the so-called Lazarus Group likely constitutes multiple cyber units.

These units are made up of high-profile, extremely skilled hackers who have, together, developed tried-and-tested ways of breaching security and stealing money.

Read said: “While these groups have overlapping goals and occasionally share tools, they operate in different ways.”

But whatever the real identity of the Lazarus Group, one thing is for sure – it is a well-oiled machine.

Bybit website showing Ethereum cryptocurrency price chart.
AP
The ‘worst hack in history’ saw the Lazarus Group steal $1.2billion[/caption]
Illustration of the largest crypto scams of all time, showing the amount of cryptocurrency stolen in each incident.
This is how it compared to the biggest crypto scams of all time

Kim’s cash-starved regime

And what’s more – the stolen money is thought to be going directly into Kim’s pocket.

North Korea has been hit by many sanctions over the years, forcing its leader to think outside the box.

Now, the state relies on deadly cyber attacks on the West to fund its cash-starved regime.

A UN investigation in 2022 found that cyber attacks are an “important revenue source” for Pyongyang’s nuclear and ballistic missile programme.

This came after an previous investigation proved that the state had accumulated $2billion for its weapons of mass destruction programmes through cyber attacks alone.

The shocking figure left the world wondering how they can better defend themselves against these attacks.

But with Kim’s cyber kids beginning their training from as early as five, the West doesn’t stand a chance.

Kim Jong Un observing a strategic cruise missile launching drill through binoculars.
Kim Jong-un overseeing the latest strategic cruise missile launching drill on February 26
EPA
Photo of a strategic cruise missile launching over icy water.
A missile was test-fired off the west coast of the Korean peninsula
AFP

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Man Utd vs Man City: Get 40/1 for either side to win Sunday’s Manchester derby with Parimatch

Man United v Man City 40/1 odds; pick your winner.
Parimatch

MANCHESTER UNITED and Manchester City renew hostilities in Sunday’s Premier League showdown at Old Trafford.

And bookmakers Parimatch are celebrating the blockbuster rivalry with a fantastic welcome deal for brand new customers by offering either side at 40/1 to win the contest!

Find The Sun’s betting publishing principles here

  • Man Utd vs Man City: Get either side to win at 40/1 HERE*

How to claim..

Parimatch welcome offer

  • Visit the Parimatch website HERE*
  • Create your account
  • Opt in to this promotion using the “Opt in” button before placing your qualifying bet
  • Make your first deposit of minimum £5
  • Place a bet at the normal price on either Manchester United or Manchester City to win
  • If your bet wins, you will be paid at the normal price
  • You will then have the extra amount credited in Free Bets, shortly after settlement, bringing your total returns up to the enhanced price of 40/1!
  • Remember, this offer is a maximum £1 stake

Man Utd vs Man City: Get either side to win at 40/1 HERE*

No Parimatch account? No problem! We’ve got you covered.

To register, simply visit the Parimatch website and create an account, then opt in to this promotion using the “Opt in” button before placing your qualifying bet.

After that, Make your first deposit of minimum £5 and then place a maximum £1 bet at the normal price on either Manchester United or Manchester City to win.

If your bet wins, you will be paid at the normal price. You will then have the extra amount credited in Free Bets, shortly after settlement, bringing your total returns up to the enhanced price of 40/1!

Example: £1 bet at 1/1 gives £2 real cash and £39 in Free Bets.

  • Man Utd vs Man City: Get either side to win at 40/1 HERE*

*18+ New Customers Only. Opt in, bet max £1 on either Man United or Man City to win – Match Betting – 90 mins. Get enhanced odds paid in Free Bets, which expire in 7 days after accreditation. Offer valid until 16:30 UK time on 06/04/2025. Scroll down for T&Cs. GambleAware.org | Please gamble responsibly


Remember to gamble responsibly

A responsible gambler is someone who:

  • Establishes time and monetary limits before playing
  • Only gambles with money they can afford to lose
  • Never chase their losses
  • Doesn’t gamble if they’re upset, angry or depressed
  • Gamcare – gamcare.org.uk
  • GambleAware – GambleAware.org

Read our guide on responsible gambling practices.

For help with a gambling problem, call the National Gambling Helpline on 0808 8020 133 or go to gamstop.co.uk to be excluded from all UK-regulated gambling websites.

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‘Our hearts are fuller than ever’ – Michael Schumacher becomes a grandad as family announce birth of daughter’s baby

LEGENDARY Formula One driver Michael Schumacher has become a grandfather after the birth of his daughter’s first child.

Schumacher’s daughter, Gina, revealed she was expecting back in December and has now announced the arrival of the little one.

Michael Schumacher and his wife Corinna skiing in the mountains.
Instagram
Michael Schumacher has become a grandfather[/caption]
Baby's hand held by adult hands.
Instagram @ gina_schumacher's profile picture gina_schumacher
Daughtet Gina announced the birth of baby Millie on Instagram[/caption]

In a statement on social media, Gina welcomed baby Millie to the world.

It read: “Welcome to the world, Millie. Born on March 29th, our hearts are fuller than ever.

“We are beyond blessed to have you in our lives. #welcomeMillie.”

Naturally, Gina’s comments section was flooded with messages of congratulations and well wishes.

Messages from the likes of the Mercedes F1 team and Max Verstappen’s mother were amongst the comments.

Gina, 28, revealed she was pregnant shortly after tying the knot to partner Iain Bethke at a villa in Majorca last year.

There was speculation at the time that her seven-time F1 champion dad attended the wedding, but no proof.

F1 legend Schumacher, 55, has not been seen in public since he suffered a serious head injury after a skiing accident in December 2013 in the French Alps.

MORE TO FOLLOW…

THIS IS A DEVELOPING STORY..

The Sun is your go to destination for the best football, boxing and MMA news, real-life stories, jaw-dropping pictures and must-see video.Like us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/TheSunFootball and follow us from our main Twitter account at @TheSunFootball.

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Love Island star reveals her alopecia has returned and she shares new hair loss snap

A LOVE Island star has revealed her alopecia has returned following her stint in the All Stars villa.

The ITV2 star shared a snapshot of a “new” spot of hair loss in a candid upload on Instagram Stories.

Close-up of a small alopecia spot on a person's head.
Instagram/@kazcrossley
A Love Island star has revealed her alopecia has returned following her stint in the All stars villa[/caption]
Kaz Crossley on Love Island: All Stars.
Rex
Kaz Crossley told fans it was a ‘new’ spot of hair loss[/caption]
Couple embracing outdoors.
TikTok/@kazcrossley
She previously told of the heartbreaking reason for her new pixie cut look[/caption]

Kaz Crossley, 30, posted the picture showing the back of her head to her page, pulling up her short platinum blonde locks to expose a small patch.

In her caption, she explained: “Found a small alopecia spot (new).”

She then added the hashtag #alopeciaawareness.

Alopecia is the medical term for baldness and covers all types of hair loss, from temporary to permanent.

Alopecia areata causes patches of baldness about the size of a large coin – with both men and women equally affected.

Kaz – donning her stylish cropped hairstyle – was back on-screen for the All Stars spin-off earlier this year, where she found a connection with Montel McKenzie, earlier this year.

Last week, the pair took to TikTok to insist they were an item – in a video which also flagged Kaz’s sassy short locks.

Yet their co-star and All Stars winner Gabby Allen, 33, then stirred the pot by claiming the pair have actually split.

NEW LOOK

Previously, the heartbreaking reason for Kaz’s hair transformation came to light.

She switched up her lengthy brunette waves, which reached to her shoulders, for a bright blonde pixie cut.

The star previously addressed why she changed her look, and the brave battle she has undergone with her hair.

In March 2023, Kaz opened up about having alopecia, which had caused bald patches around her hairline.

She candidly told fans how she’d had a “good cry” after looking at photos of herself suffering from the condition.

In a series of snaps, Kaz could be seen with bald patches around her hairline before she appeared to be holding back tears in another glassy-eyed shot.

What is alopecia and what causes it?

About two per cent of the population will experience alopecia at some point in their lifetime, with around one in every 4,000 developing the condition each year. 

It can start at any age but is most common in early adulthood and can lead to a lack of all hair including eyelashes and eyebrows, nasal hair and public hair. 

Alopecia areata causes patches of baldness about the size of a large coin.

“Alopecia” is the medical term for hair loss and “areata” means that it occurs in small, random areas. There are various classifications, including:

  • Alopecia areata totalis: Total hair loss on the scalp
  • Alopecia areata universalis: Total hair loss on your scalp and all body hair

The causes of alopecia areata are not fully understood but the loss of hair is because of inflammation around the hair follicles. 

The cause of the inflammation is unknown but it is believed that the immune system, which normally protects the body from infections and other diseases, misfires and attacks the hair follicles.

Therefore, it is understood to be an autoimmune condition, says Alopecia UK.

Genetics may be behind the condition, but there are other things thought to trigger it, including a virus, iron deficiency or stress. Studies are not conclusive.

For women, sometimes birth can trigger postpartum alopecia.

In most cases of alopecia areata, hair will grow back in a few months to a year. At first, hair may grow back fine and white, but over time it should thicken and regain its normal colour.

There is no cure for the condition, only treatments that are not guaranteed to work.

People with alopecia may need to take extra precautions, including protecting their skin and eyes when outside and preventing stress.

She revealed how her hair loss came not long after the stress she suffered in the wake being arrested and detained in Dubai, which saw her subsequently move back to the UK.

Kaz told her followers at the time: “After I took this pic last night I had a good cry. Sometimes you will have days where you don’t feel strong, and that’s okay – it’s so important to let it out!”

Speaking about the anxiety she felt, she said: “I think the mixture of realising I’m losing more hair, mixed with the fact I will be heading back to the uk (real life) hit me hard.”

The popular star went on to admit that she had been riddled with insecurities that people may notice her bald patches and said it was a “constant reminder” of a “difficult time”.

The star added in a plea to her followers: “Trust me I feel anyone else dealing with this and we will get through it together! Don’t let these thoughts take over for too long. 

“We are too blessed to be stressed, let it out and keep going. You’ve got this.”

A year after her candid post, Kaz decided to shave off her trademark locks, and she did it all for charity.

Woman in green dress on balcony overlooking mountains.
kazcrossley/Instagram
Kaz previously told her fans she’d had ‘a good cry’ after looking at pictures of her alopecia[/caption]
Woman in a Santa hat and bikini making a peace sign in front of skyscrapers.
Instagram
Kaz switched up her locks from her brunette waves[/caption]
Montel McKenzie and Kaz Crossley in a selfie with an "Ask me a question" box.
Instagram
Kaz and All Stars partner Montel have left fans confused as to their relationship status[/caption]

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Nato scrambles fighter jets as Putin unleashes barrage of nuclear-capable bombers & ballistic missiles on Ukraine

NATO had to scrambled fighters as mad Vladimir Putin unleashed a barrage of nuclear-capable bombers and ballistic missiles on Ukraine.

Russia struck central Kyiv and other locations in brutal new strikes involving ballistic and cruises missiles, as well as kamikaze drones and aerial bombs.

Firefighter silhouetted against a burning building.
East2West
Kyiv burning in the early hours today[/caption]
Damaged apartment building in Kupiansk after a Russian missile strike.
East2West
The aftermath of a Russian missile strike in Kupiansk[/caption]
Large fire burning intensely.
East2West
Photo shows Kyiv burning in the early hours of 6 April[/caption]
Firefighters battling a large fire in Kyiv.
East2West
Firefighters were scrambled[/caption]

This comes just one day after a Russian missile strike on Volodymyr Zelensky’s hometown Kryvyi Rih, killing at least 19 people, including at least nine children.

The latest attack involved at least four Tu-95MS strategic bombers, with Putin’s forces unleashing deadly Kh101 missiles from over the Caspian Sea.

Ukraine and its Western allies in Europe believe the horror strikes show the dictator has no interest in US President Trump’s pressure to agree a peace deal with Kyiv.

Instead he is launching some of the most intensive and sustained attacks of the entire three-year war, with Ukraine facing eight hours of hell in the latest blitzkrieg.

NATO early today raised war planes – both Polish and from other Allied members – to patrol air space bordering Ukraine in response to Russia’s threat.

“Attention – due to the intensive activity of the long-range aviation of the Russian Federation, performing strikes on objects located, among others, in the west of Ukraine, the operation of Polish and allied aviation in our airspace has begun,” said Poland’s command headquarters.

“The RSZ [armed forces] Operational Commander activated all available forces and resources at his disposal.

“On-call fighter pairs have been [scrambled], and ground-based air defence and radio-location reconnaissance systems have reached a state of highest readiness.

“The steps taken are aimed at ensuring security in the areas bordering the threatened areas.

“The RSZ Operational Command is monitoring the current situation and subordinate forces and resources remain in full readiness for immediate response.”

As well as Kh-101 cruise missiles, Russia fired sea-based Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea, as well as Iskander-M missiles.

In Kyiv, the Russian attacks injured at least three as fires were seen in Darnytsia, Obolonskyi and Solomynskyi districts causing damage to residential buildings, warehouses and a furniture shop.

Multiple explosions hit the capital city from around ten ballistic missiles.

A multi-storey building was partially destroyed in the Obolonskyi district.

Residents fled to metro station bomb shelters in the savage new attacks with hundreds of firefighters forced to scramble to the city.

Russia also struck Uman, a city in Cherkasy region.

In Kupyansk, Kharkiv region, Russia aerial bombed an apartment block triggering fires, with a woman, 78, and man, 67, injured.

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Man Utd transfer news LIVE: Garnacho hints at summer move, United eye £25m Lucca, Red Devils ‘STEP UP’ interest in Delap

MANCHESTER UNITED are ready for a MASSIVE summer transfer window – with Ruben Amorim expected to overhaul the squad with players both IN and OUT.

And the Red Devils have reportedly stepped up their interest in Ipswich striker Liam Delap.

Elsewhere, United are also eyeing up a move for 6ft 7in Udinese striker Lorenzo Lucca.

In other news, Alejandro Garnacho has dropped a hint that he is thinking of leaving Old Trafford – after “discreetly” putting his house up for sale, The Sun can exclusively reveal.

CASINO SPECIAL – BEST CASINO BONUSES FROM £10 DEPOSITS

Follow ALL of the latest news, rumours and updates from Old Trafford below…

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Max Verstappen makes history as he pips Norris to fourth consecutive Japanese Grand Prix in first Red Bull win of season

MAX VERSTAPPEN returned to his usual spot as he took his first win of the season in Japan.

The Red Bull driver edged out Lando Norris and Oscar Piastri the same way he did in qualifying as he won his fourth consecutive Japanese Grand Prix – the first driver in history to do so at Suzuka.

Max Verstappen driving a Red Bull Formula One car.
Reuters
Max Verstappen won the Japanese Grand Prix to become the first driver in history to win four consecutive GP’s at Suzuka[/caption]
Max Verstappen of Oracle Red Bull Racing speaks to the press.
Reuters
Verstappen picked up Red Bull’s first win of the season[/caption]

Verstappen had earned pole position in qualification by setting an “incredibly rewarding” record lap round the Suzuka Circuit.

And he used that advantage to nip right in front of Norris from the off, staying in front of the Brit for the entire race.

In fact, Verstappen was leading the pack for the entire race, barring the laps he used to catch up following his pit stop.

It was that pit stop that looked like it could have been a turning point, as both the Dutchman and Norris came in at the same time.

Championship leader Norris looked like he was going to squeeze past Verstappen as the pair returned to the track, but instead got caught in the grass and lost a second on his rival.

From there, both Norris and Piastri were spending the rest of the race trying to make up ground on the four-time world champion.

Birthday boy Piastri was actually looking the faster of the two McLaren drivers, but a decision was made to leave Norris in second to keep the 25-year-old in top spot in the Drivers’ Standings.

Verstappen crossed the line in 1:22:06.983, with Norris trailing behind by just 1.423 seconds and Piastri taking third spot by 2.129.

Formula 1 race cars on a track, one car is off the track.
Getty
Lando Norris was caught in the grass as he came out of his pit stop[/caption]

CASINO SPECIAL – BEST CASINO BONUSES FROM £10 DEPOSITS

Charles Leclerc took fourth for Ferrari, while Mercedes pair George Russell and Kimi Antonelli made up fifth and sixth place.

That makeup is the exact same as yesterday’s qualification.

Meaning it’s the first time in history that the top six has stayed the exact same on a permanent race track.

Lewis Hamilton was the best of the rest in seventh spot, but still finished well behind any kind of podium spot.

Verstappen said on the team radio: “What an unbelievable weekend. What a turnaround. We win together, we keep pushing together.”

While in a post-race interview, he added: “The two McLarens were pushing me very hard. It started off quite tough this weekend and we had to keep improving the car, but today it was in top form.

“It’s important to always maximise your performance and I think we did that this weekend”.

Norris was asked after the race his thought on the incident that saw him head through the track-side grass after the pit stop, admitting it’s just part of the race.

He said: “Max is the last guy I expect to give me space. In a good way, in a competitive racing way.”

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Volcanic winter, 70-foot tsunami and London tornado – shocking list of Britain’s ancient natural disasters revealed

[/boxout]
Illustration of medieval physicians tending to a sick person in bed.
Public Domain
This illustration depicts the sweating sickness, which remains mysterious to this day[/caption]

Thousands of Brits are believed to have been struck down and ultimately wiped out by this mysterious disease – and we’re still not exactly sure why.

Victims of the sickness would usually become suddenly ill, and then be dead within hours.

You’d go from feeling a bit cold and dizzy, before quickly descending into a sweaty delirium – and then either recovering, or popping your clogs. Sounds miserable, but that’s the 1400s for you.

Wolf Hall fans might recall (spoilers…) that Thomas Cromwell’s wife and two daughters were offed by the disease. Anne Boleyn is also believed to have survived it, although she didn’t exactly have a happy ending.

Mark Rylance as Thomas Cromwell in Wolf Hall.
BBC
Thomas Cromwell’s wife and two daughters are believed to have died due to sweating sickness – an event that was re-enacted in the Wolf Hall TV series[/caption]

And making the event all the more bizarre, a definitive cause for sweating sickness still hasn’t been found.

St Lucia’s Flood

On December 13/14 in 1287, an enormous storm tide led to one of the largest floods known to history.

Hundreds of people were killed during the horrifying event also called the “Great Storm”.

As many as 180 people died in the village of Hickling, Norfolk, with water reported to have risen a foot above the Priory Church’s high altar.

Stormy sea under a dramatic sky.
Getty
A ‘great storm’ caused devastating flooding in England, killing hundreds of people[/caption]
Hickling village sign, Norfolk, UK.
Alamy
Norfolk’s Hickling village was especially effected with as many as 180 fatalities[/caption]

But Brits didn’t have it nearly as bad as the Netherlands and Germany, where death tolls are estimated to be between 50,000 and 80,000.

London tornado

When you count the fires, plagues, and a smattering of Viking sackings, London has had a pretty bad lot. That’s before you chuck in a tornado.

It turns out that England‘s earliest reported (and possibly strongest) tornado took place in 1091, in the heart of our capital city.

The aptly named London Tornado of 1091 struck on Friday, October 17 and badly damaged the church of St Mary-le-Bow (which is located on London’s Cheapside).

St. Mary-le-Bow Church in London, England during COVID-19 lockdown.
Getty
The newer St Mary-le-Bow, which was designed by Sir Christopher Wren following the Great Fire of London[/caption]
Tornado approaching a highway.
Getty
Tornadoes are usually associated with central USA – and not Britain’s capital city[/caption]

Several churches were demolished along with over 600 mostly wooden houses. This wasn’t the first or last time London would learn of the perils of using wood as a building material.

The tornado is believed to have rated around F4 on the Fujita scale, which makes it “devastating”. Wind speeds may have reached 213mph.

Chronicling the mad event, William of Malmesbury described it as “a great spectacle for those watching from afar, but a terrifying experience for those standing near”. That’s tornadoes alright.

Thankfully out of a population of 18,000, there are just two known fatalities.

A timeline of life on Earth

The history of the planet in years...

  • 4.6 billion years ago – the origin of Earth
  • 3.8 billion years ago – first life appears on Earth
  • 2.1 billion years ago – lifeforms made up of multiple cells evolve
  • 1.5 billion years ago – eukaryotes, which are cells that contain a nucleus inside of their membranes, emerge
  • 550 million years ago – first arthropods evolve
  • 530 million years ago – first fish appear
  • 470 million years ago – first land plants appear
  • 380 million years ago – forests emerge on Earth
  • 370 million years ago – first amphibians emerge from the water onto land
  • 320 million years ago – earliest reptiles evolve
  • 230 million years ago – dinosaurs evolve
  • 200 million years ago – mammals appear
  • 150 million years ago – earliest birds evolve
  • 130 million years ago – first flowering plants
  • 100 million years ago – earliest bees
  • 55 million years ago – hares and rabbits appear
  • 30 million years ago – first cats evolve
  • 20 million years ago – great apes evolve
  • 7 million years ago –first human ancestors appear
  • 2 million years ago – Homo erectus appears
  • 300,000 years ago – Homo sapiens evolves
  • 50,000 years ago – Eurasia and Oceania colonised
  • 40,000 years ago – Neandethal extinction

Volcanic winter

If you thought that was bad, consider yourself lucky you weren’t around 1,500 years ago. Summer holidays were cancelled (as was a lot of human life, which is much worse).

A volcanic winter said to have been caused by multiple eruptions cooled the atmosphere for years – causing a big drop in temperatures across Europe, including the UK.

The problem for normal people is that the volcanic winter of 536 wasn’t an isolated catastrophe.

Its devastating crop failures coincided with the Plague of Justinian and general famine.

Lava flowing down a volcano at night.
Getty
The volcanic winter has been linked to a series of suspected eruptions[/caption]
Renaissance painting depicting the plague.
This painting from the late 1400s depicts the plague of Justinian, showing a gravedigger afflicted by the illness
Josse Lieferinxe
Map of Europe showing areas affected by the Justinian Plague, with inset photos of plague victims' skeletons.

WHAT IS THE PLAGUE?

Here's what you need to know about the deadly infection...

  • Plague is a serious and often deadly bacterial infection caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis
  • Humans can be infected with the plague from flea bites and rats were responsible for spreading a lot of plague ridden fleas around Europe
  • People can also infect one another so plague sufferers must be isolated
  • Most people have heard of the bubonic plague but there are actually lots of different names for plague depending on which area of the human body is infected
  • Bubonic plague infects the lymph nodes, pneumonic plague infects the lungs and septicemic plague infects the blood
  • Symptoms of bubonic plague include: fever, chills, seizures and swelling at the site of the flea bite
  • 50% of people who have bubonic plague die if it’s not treated with antibiotics
  • There have been three major bubonic plague outbreaks in history with the most well known one reffered to as the Black Death
  • The first bubonic plague outbreak is called the Justinian Plague, named after a Roman emperor called Justinian I
  • It started in 541 AD and spread across the Mediterranean, killing 25 million people
  • The second major outbreak was the Black Death, which originated in China in 1334
  • It swept across the globe and killed nearly 60% of Europe’s human population
  • The third outbreak is often called the Modern Plague and it also began in China in the 1860s
  • It reached Hong Kong in 1894 and spread around the world for the next 20 years, killing about 10 million people

Historians reckon that the events collectively caused millions of deaths across Europe during the period.

In fact, historian Michael McCormick famously declared 536 “the beginning of one of the worst periods to be alive, if not the worst year”.

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